Understanding the 7.92 by 57mm Mauser: A Common Misnaming or Official Designation?
Introduction
The 7.92 by 57mm Mauser, often referred to as the 8mm Mauser, has a long and storied history in the world of rifle cartridges. This article aims to clarify the confusion surrounding this cartridge's nomenclature, exploring its origins, manufacturing, and common usage. It also delves into the reasons why this specific cartridge is frequently referred to by a seemingly different name, focusing on the ease and practicality of use.
The 8x57mm Cartridge: An Official Recognition
The 7.92 by 57mm Mauser is officially known as the 8x57mm Mauser in some European countries, despite the cartridge's actual dimensions. This discrepancy arises from the European standard practice of using the bore diameter, rather than the groove diameter, to designate the rifle's caliber. The bore diameter for the 7.92x57mm cartridge is approximately 8.00mm or 8.13mm, leading to the more commonly used 8mm Mauser designation.
Ease of Pronunciation: A Practical Reason
One of the primary reasons for the 7.92 by 57mm Mauser being referred to as the 8mm Mauser is the ease of pronounce. It is much simpler to say "8mm" rather than "7.92mm." In the fast-paced world of military and hunting, where terminology is often dictated by practicality rather than strict measurements, this simplification is highly beneficial. The difference between 7.92 and 8 is negligible, making the shorter name preferable in most contexts.
The Concept of Nominal Designations
In the field of firearms, the term "nominal" is often used to describe a rounded-off measurement. For instance, the widely known 9mm cartridge is technically 7.65mm in diameter but is referred to as 9mm for practical reasons. Similarly, the 7.92mm cartridge is close to 8mm, and thus, it is commonly known as the 8mm Mauser. This practice helps prevent confusion and simplifies communication.
Historical Context: Different Bore and Groove Dimensions
The 7.92x57mm Mauser actually has two different bore and groove dimensions in its history. The original bore diameter used in the model 1888 commission rifle was 7.92mm (approximately .312 inch), with the rifling groove diameter being 8.13mm. Later, the standard bore diameter was increased to about 8.00mm (approximately .315 inch), with the groove diameter at 8.20mm. This dual-naming can be confusing, but it reflects the practical and historical evolution of the cartridge.
Comparison with Other Cartridges: The 7mm Mauser
For reference, another example is the 7mm Mauser cartridge, which is actually 7x57mm. This shows that the nomenclature of rifle cartridges can vary significantly from the actual measurements. The 7x57mm designation refers to a cartridge with a bore diameter of approximately 7mm, with the bullet being slightly larger to accommodate the rifling.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the 7.92 by 57mm Mauser is often referred to as the 8mm Mauser due to a combination of practical reasons, including ease of pronunciation and the use of nominal designations. While the exact measurements suggest otherwise, the 8mm Mauser is an officially recognized designation in certain European contexts. This simplification aids in practical use and communication, making it a highly effective name for this long-serving cartridge.