Turkmenistan: The Dictatorship's Stranglehold on Democratic Freedoms
The specter of democratic transformation in Central Asia remains distant, with Turkmenistan serving as a stark reminder of the region's entrenched authoritarian rule. As one of the world's most secretive and repressive states, Turkmenistan stands out for its strict control over information, human rights abuses, and suffocating restrictions on citizen freedoms.
Turkmenistan's Restrictive Regime
In Turkmenistan, people live under constant surveillance and control, with freedoms like the right to movement and emigration strictly curtailed. The government, headed by President Gurbanguly Berdymukhammedov, is notorious for its harsh policies, such as banning dark cars and certain beauty services for women.
Dictatorial Leadership and Control
President Gurbanguly Berdymukhammedov has been in power since 2006 and has become synonymous with the country. His regime tightly controls information, preventing external scrutiny and internal dissent. The government's unrestricted power is evident in its prohibitions, such as the ban on black cars, which is believed to bring bad luck and the prohibition on certain beauty services for women.
Violations of Women's Rights
In the face of the global MeToo movement, Turkmenistan has taken steps to further oppress women by restricting their basic freedoms. In April 2022, the government introduced a ban on beauty services like eyelash and nail extensions, brow and lip tattoos, beauty injections, and hair bleaching, along with "sexy" outfits. The aim is to control women's appearance and devalue their choices, a move that denies them bodily autonomy and freedom of choice in dress and grooming.
Freedom of Movement and Dignity
In Turkmenistan, the state actively curtails internal movement, requiring internal passports and residency permits. Women are advised to wear long dresses or skirts and cover their arms, reflecting the regime's control over cultural norms and practices. The state's overarching reach into everyday life showcases a dystopian reality where citizens' every action is controlled or monitored.
Repression and Fear
The government's harsh policies have created a culture of fear, where even the slightest misstep can result in severe consequences. Dissent is not tolerated, and any form of opposition is swiftly punished. For instance, driving black cars or not adhering to the state's traditional customs can have dire repercussions.
The Future of Turkmenistan
As the leadership continues to tighten its grip, the future of Turkmenistan remains uncertain. The ban on women driving and the prohibition on beauty services signal a regressive trend that threatens to further erode women's rights and autonomy. While some may fantasize about a future where Turkmenistan becomes a multi-party democratic state, the reality is grim. For now, the country remains firmly under the control of an authoritarian regime, with little prospect of genuine change in the foreseeable future.