The Biblical Translation of Hebrew to Greek: The Septuagint

The Septuagint, a monumental translation of Hebrew scriptures into Greek, holds a pivotal place in both religious and academic history. This article will delve into the origins, significance, and impact of the Septuagint, providing insights for scholars and enthusiasts alike.

Introduction to the Septuagint

The Septuagint is the name given to the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible. The term 'Septuagint' derives from the Latin 'septuaginta', meaning 'seventy', a likely reference to the number of scholars believed to have collaborated on this translation. This translation was carried out by Jewish scholars in Alexandria, Egypt, during the 3rd and 2nd centuries BCE. The legend, however, attributed to this translation has its own fascinating narrative, which we will explore in detail.

The Context and Historical Background

The Macedonian dynasty of Egypt held a law that required all books to be translated into Greek and deposited in the Library of Alexandria, the hub of knowledge and learning in the ancient Mediterranean world. This library was not just a repository but also a place of study, with lecture halls attracting scholars from across the Mediterranean. The library's scholars then meticulously examined every book that arrived, making copies of those not already in their collection. This was the setting for the translation of the Hebrew scriptures into Greek.

The Translation Process

The process of translating the Hebrew scriptures into Greek was undertaken by approximately seventy Jewish scholars. According to a surviving legend, each scholar produced a separate translation, and miraculously, all seventy copies were identical. This astounding claim, while unlikely, adds an air of mystique to the project. The resulting texts, collectively known as the Septuagint, are the foundation on which much of Christian biblical scholarship and study rest.

Significance and Impact

The Septuagint was more than just a religious text. Its translation was significant for several reasons. First, it made the Hebrew scriptures accessible to Greek-speaking Jews, who were integral to the cultural and linguistic landscape of the ancient world. Second, it played a crucial role in the spread of Christianity, providing a Greek-language text that the nascent religion needed to disseminate its message to a broader audience.

Comparison with Other Translations

While the legend of the seventy scholars is fascinating, it is important to note that the actual translation process was far more complex. The library's practices involved comprehensive examinations and copies, making the Septuagint a collaboration between scholars and the institution itself. Interestingly, the Septuagint's influence extends beyond the Bible itself, influencing the study of Greek literature and language. For example, Sophocles' play about a mythical king of Thebes is known today as Oedipus Rex, rather than its original Greek title Oedipos Basileus. This influences the way we perceive and interpret ancient texts, making the Septuagint a fascinating subject for both religious and academic study.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the Septuagint, the Greek translation of the Hebrew Bible, remains a cornerstone of biblical and religious studies. Its origins, the process of translation, and its impact on religious and cultural history make it a captivating subject. Whether viewed through the lens of ancient scholarship or modern academic research, the Septuagint continues to provide insights into the rich tapestry of human history and belief.